http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/ 2026-11-08T00:11:52+00:00 http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/ http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/_media/logo.png text/html 2026-11-01T23:00:02+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/stat/countries_2026-11?rev=1793574002&do=diff countries (November 2026)  ←  text/html 2026-10-01T22:00:02+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/stat/pages_2026-10?rev=1790892002&do=diff pages (October 2026)  ←  text/html 2026-09-15T17:28:25+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/antiharmony?rev=1789493305&do=diff 5.3. Antiharmony Antiharmony is the case when a stem with one or more vowels of the same phonetic features (which plays role in harmony) can be followed by a suffix with one or more vowels with the opposite feature. Antiharmony is typical for neutral vowels, that is for those, which can follow vowels belonging to any of the harmonic classes (and, as a consequence, they do not belong to any of the harmonic classes as well). text/html 2026-09-10T06:02:39+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/size_of_inventories?rev=1789020159&do=diff 2.1. Size of vowel inventories Finn. Seto Er. HMr MMr Ud. Hun. SMn SKh VKh Nga. Ka. num. 8(+8) 10(+10) 5 10 9 10 9(+5) ? 12 13 10 10 (11?) Finnishi(ː), u(ː), y(ː), e(ː), o(ː), ø(ː), ɑ(ː), æ(ː)Setoi(ː), ɨ(ː), u(ː), y(ː), e(ː), ɘ(ː) o(ː), ø(ː), ɑ(ː), æ(ː) text/html 2026-09-01T22:00:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/stat/pages_2026-08?rev=1788300001&do=diff pages (August 2026)  ←  text/html 2026-08-18T22:30:27+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/types_of_harmony?rev=1787092227&do=diff 1. Types of vowel harmony Finn. Seto Er. HMr MMr Ud. Hun. SMn SKh VKh Nga. Ka. type FB FB CFB FB R, FB FB FB, R FB (C)FB FB qR, FB FB, T Finnish, Seto, Hill Mari, Udmurt, Southern Mansi, Vakh/Vasyugan Khantyfront/backErzyaconsonant-vowel harmony with non-palatalized/palatalized and front/back alternation text/html 2026-08-18T22:24:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/length_of_the_domain?rev=1787091875&do=diff 4.1. The typical maximal length of the domain In most of the Uralic languages, if spreading is not blocked by a segment, the harmonic domain is the word, irrespectively of its length. (Occasionally, it can be even longer, cf.§4.3.)  Among the languages discussed in §§ text/html 2026-08-18T22:18:58+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/complete_alternations?rev=1787091538&do=diff 2.2.2. Do all potential counterparts alternate? Finn. Seto Er. HMr MMr Ud. Hun. SMn SKh VKh Nga. Ka. F/B yes no yes or no no no no yes ? no no no no R|T — — — — no — no ? — — no — ErzyaIf we consider that there is an /o/ : /e/ alternation, we could also expect an /u/ : /i/ alternation (which, instead of or in addition to the /o/ : /e/ alternation, actually exists in dialects).   Although if we consider that the vowels /u/ and /i/ (similarly to /o/ and … text/html 2026-08-18T22:07:16+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/harmonic_counterparts?rev=1787090836&do=diff 2.2. Harmonic counterparts 2.2.1.Alternations 2.2.2.Do all potential counterparts alternate? 2.2.3.Irregular alternations 2.2.4.Allophonic alternations 2.2.5.Blocked alternations text/html 2026-08-18T21:19:28+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/invariancy?rev=1787087968&do=diff 5.1. Invariancy (nonalternation) Finn. Seto Er. HMr MMr Ud. Hun. SMn SKh VKh Nga. Ka. F/B. i, e i i, ɑ i, e i, e, ɑ, ə̆ i, e, o, ɑ, ɘ̆  i(ː), eː, ɛ  ? i, e 0 all i R|T – – – – i, e, ɑ, ə̆ – all but o, ø text/html 2026-08-18T21:18:38+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/direction_of_harmony?rev=1787087918&do=diff 3. Direction of harmony VH is always progressive in Uralic languages. Based on the literature, one could assume that regressive harmony occurs at least marginally. Cyganov (1959) mentions that the Erzya dialects spoken in Ardatovsky rayon (the only district of Mordovia bordering Chuvashia) and Chuvashia exhibit regressive assimilation: alternating /o/ and /e/ are replaced with /u/ and /i/, respectively, before syllables with /ɑ/. However, since in this case mid vowels are replaced by high ones… text/html 2026-08-18T20:54:55+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/alternations?rev=1787086495&do=diff 2.2.1. Alternations Finn. Seto Er. HMr MMr Ud. Hun. SMn SKh VKh Nga. Ka. F/B 3(6)/0 4(4)/1(5) 1,0(0) or 1(1) 2/2 1/1 2/2 3,4/0 ? 2,2/3 5/1 2/1 4/1 R|T — — — — 1/1 — 1,0/3 ? — — 5,3/1 — The formula text/html 2026-08-18T20:54:02+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/domain_of_harmony?rev=1787086442&do=diff 4. Domain of harmony 4.1.The typical maximal length of the domain 4.2.Sloping domains: the direction of slopes 4.3.Domains_extended_to_clitics text/html 2026-08-18T20:46:43+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/allophonic_alternations?rev=1787086003&do=diff 2.2.5. Allophonic alternations Finn. Seto Er. HMr MMr Ud. Hun. SMn SKh VKh Nga. Ka. F/B 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ? 2 1 0 0 R|T — — — — 1 — 1 ? — — 0 1 Meadow Mari F/B  and rounding harmonyAs there is an [e] : [ø] : [o] alternation in word-final position, but instead of these a vowel [ə̆] is attested when it occurs in a non-word-final position. Moreover, while stress falls to the last full vowel of the word form, vowels participating in the [e] : [ø] : [o] : [ə̆] … text/html 2026-08-17T20:45:31+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/domains_extended_to_clitics?rev=1786999531&do=diff 4.3. Domains extended to clitics The harmonic domain is regularly extended to clitics in Finnish: /ko/ : /kø/ ‘whether, (questioned element marker)’, /kɑn/ : /kæn/ ‘neither’, /hɑn/ : /hæn/ ‘(various modal functions)’, /pɑ/ : /pæ/ ‘(various modal functions)’, etc. Similar phenomenon is not reported from other languages, even Karelian clitics stay out of harmony ( or at least some of them — see Zaikov 1987: 22), and harmony is restricted even in some Finnish dialects (Lauerma 1996). However, in K… text/html 2026-08-11T23:00:41+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/sloping_domains?rev=1786489241&do=diff 4.2. Sloping domains: the direction of slopes Speaking about harmonic domains, usually we mean a sequence of syllables in which harmonic vowels must belong to the same harmonic class. However, in the languages discussed in§4.1, the actual domain of harmony can be shorter than the potential domain, which is understood as a sequence of syllables in which harmonic vowels may belong to the same harmonic class. In these languages, one of the harmonic classes is preferred (defalult). the members of t… text/html 2026-08-11T22:54:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/inventories?rev=1786488841&do=diff 2. Vowel inventories 2.1.Size of inventories 2.2.Harmonic counterparts 2.2.1.Alternations 2.2.2.Do all potential counterparts alternate? 2.2.3.Differences between short/long (reduced/full) vowels in harmony 2.2.4.Irregular alternations 2.2.5.Allophonic alternations 2.2.6.Blocked alternations text/html 2025-07-16T15:40:10+00:00 László Fejes (fejes@undisclosed.example.com) http://seas.elte.hu/w/!vh/references?rev=1752680410&do=diff References Uralic (Proto-Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Samoyedic) in general  Luobbal Sámmol Sámmol Ánte (Ante Aikio). 2022. Proto-Uralic. In Marianne Bakró-Nagy, Johanna Laakso & Elena Skribnik (eds.): The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press.